MOTHER BOARD

It is the main CKT board.

It control all the physical devices and components that are connected directly or indirectly.

CPU,RAM , hard disk , expansion cards are connected to it.

Mother board comes in different form factors.

 COMPONENTS OF MOTHER BOARD:

Processor slot/socket.

Memory slots.

Expansion slots.

I/o ports.

 chip sets.

Front panel connectors.

IDE/SATA connectors.

CMOS battery.

Power  supply connector.

Heat sink.

EXPANTION:-

       add on cards.

        PCI

        Ex:-VGA card.

        sand card

        LAN cable

 RESERVED CARDS:-

       graphic cards

       Ex:- AGP(accelerated graphic port).

        PCI express. Peripheral component inter connect.

I/O ports:-

                       basic mother consists usb2.0,ps/2,vga,optical s/pdif,1394a,rj45,audio jocks , DVI , HDMA , SATA , USB 3.0 , display port.

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NORTH BRIDGE

It controls the processor and RAM high speed devices.

It is placed near to the processor.

It is also contains graphic processor.

It is also called GHMC (graphic memory controller hub).

 SOUTH BRIDGE

It controls the low speed devices like I/O ports, slots etc.

It is placed near to the slots.

It is also called IOCH (input out put controller hub).

 IDE(integrated drive electronics) or PATA:

SATA (serial advanced technology attachment):

C MOS BATTERY:

BIOS password.

Date and time setting.

Enable/disable.

Boot property.

 CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor)RAM is used to store the date and time and system configuration .

Battery which process this memory is called CMOS battery.

                 CDà compact disc.

                DVDà digital  versatile disk.

                BRDà blue ray disc.

 Secondary storage devies:

magnetic:- hard disk, floppy, zip, tape drive (for back up).

Optical:- CD, DVD,BRD.

Flash:- memory stick, pen drive, SSD(solid state drives),memory stick card(SD card).

drives:

In our computer system there is a drivers partition like starts from C and D. where is the drive A and B.

The portion drives  A and B for floppies and BIOS.


Types of motherboard:

They are two types of motherboard they are

   Integrated

   Non – Integrated

  Integrated:

Integrated motherboards can have built in parts which can found found by adding expansion cards. All the software and programs needed on the motherboards are built onto it, as it is an integrated motherboard. You can find on some motherboards built in parts such as: serial and parallel ports (the external plug-in outside the case), the IDE(integrated development environment - a type of software that assists computer programmers) and joystick are all connected to the motherboard. Using integrated motherboards creates more space inside of the case and it is easier to aces letting air flow through it. So making this motherboard is really easy and cheap to make, but installing the different parts on the motherboard can make the cost of the board rise up. But the up side is that when one part of it is broken only that individual part is needed to be fixed.

Non-Integrated :Non - integrated motherboards have a lot more different parts to it such as: Serial and parallel ports, hard drive connectors, floppy connectors, joysticks and much more. Now there is more things that take up more slots on the motherboard it creates less space inside the case of your computer. Although just for the motherboard is kind of cheap, adding the installation of expansion boards, and the producing tests, the cost of it will rise higher. Most motherboards in the old days were all non - integrated, but since since technology has been higher many more motherboards are integrated.

DESKTOP:

DESKTOP MOTHERBOARD are used in desktop computers.As it is used for computer application  at home and in the office.This type of the motherboard is the most basic type.

LAPTOP:

Laptop motherboard is used to connect different type parts of a laptop system. These motherboard generally have advance features as compare to desktop motherboard. The most of the function have been integrated in the laptop motherboard.

SERVER :

Server motherboard are used in servers.  This server motherboard are most advanced than the laptop and desktop motherboard. Server motherboard has high end services and which are more reliable and ready to operate 24*7 environment. This motherboards support expansion and future upgrades and it can handle major application . Server motherboard also offer multiple sockets,slots and connectors as compare to desktop motherboards to support more number of devices for redundancy

MANUFACTURERS OF MOTHERBOARDS

Motherboard are available in various sizes and configurations. Some motherboard support 32 and 64 dit processor as well as operating system. It is manufactures by many companies such as

ASUS

INTEL

MSI

GIGABYTE

BIOSTAR

Motherboard components:

Expansion slots (PCI Express, PCI, and AGP), 3-pin case fan connectors, Back pane connectors, Heatsink, 4-Pin (P4) power connector, Inductor, Capacitor, CPU Socket, Northbridge, Screw hole, Memory slot, Super I/O, ATA (IDE) disk drive primary connection, 24-pin ATX power Supply connector, Serial ATA connections, Coin cell battery (CMOS backup battery), RAID, System panel connectors, Southbridge, Serial port connector, USB headers, Jumpers, Integrated circuit, 1394 headers, CD-IN