Two types 1.IPV4(32bit)
2.IPV6(128bit)
How many combinations for 32 bit
For 2bit 4=2^2
For 32bit 2^32=4.3bilion
It is very difficult to identify to humans because we divvied in to 4
parts like 4octet.
IP
Ip is a logical address.
It is a n/w layer address (layer3)
Bit is represented by 0or1.
IP address in binary form (32bits).
32 bits are divided into 4octets
IP address in decimal form
Taking example for first octet.
Total 8bits ,value will be o’s and 1’s.
i.e 2^8=256 combinations
total octet starts from 0.0.0.0
ends at 255.255.255.255
IP address are divided into a five types and its uses and ranges
classA(0.0.0.0 to127.255.255.255)
classB(127.0.0.0 to191.255.255.255)
classC(192.0.0.0 to223.255.255.255)
these there are used in LAN &WAN.
classD(224.0.0.0 to239.255.255.255) reserved for multicast
classE(240.0.0.0 to255.255.255.255) reserved for research and development.
PRIORITY BIT
Ø Priority bit is used for IP
address classification
Ø MSB from the first octet are
selected for priority bits.
For CLASSA Priority bit is 0
For CLASSB Priority bit is 10
For CLASSC Priority bit is 110
For CLASSD Priority bit is 1110
For CLASSE Priority bit is 1111
Table 45: IP Address Class Network and Host
Capacities
|
||||||
IP Address Class
|
Total # Of Bits For Network ID / Host ID
|
First Octet of IP Address
|
# Of Network ID Bits Used To Identify Class
|
Usable # Of Network ID Bits
|
Number of Possible Network IDs
|
# Of Host IDs Per Network ID
|
Class A
|
8 / 24
|
0xxx xxxx
|
1
|
8-1 = 7
|
27-2 = 126
|
224-2 = 16,277,214
|
Class B
|
16 / 16
|
10xx xxxx
|
2
|
16-2 = 14
|
214 = 16,384
|
216-2 = 65,534
|
Class C
|
24 / 8
|
110x xxxx
|
3
|
24-3 = 21
|
221 = 2,097,152
|
28-2 = 254
|
Subnet
mask
An IP address is meaningless for the computers unless it is accompanied
by a subnet mask. It tells to the
computer machines that what part of the accompanying IP address
corresponds to the network address and
what part corresponds to the host machine on that network. A subnet mask
is also represented by four
decimal numbers separated by a period. Default subnet masks for class A,
B and C types of IP addresses are
as under:
Class A: 255.0.0.0(N.H.H.H)
Class B: 255.255.0.0(N.N.H.H)
Class C: 255.255.255.0(N.N.N.H)
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