The Internet is the
world’s largest network made up of thousands of networks. Internet is the
combination of Interconnection and Network and is also called “Net”. We are
having the following networks.
LAN-Local Area Network-Interconnection of
Computers within the room
WAN-Wide Area Network-within the Building
MAN –Metropolitan Area Network-Within the
Town/city
Internet –Interconnection Network-Network of
Networks
INTERNET:
The Internet is a global
collection of networks that is owned by no one and operated by no single
organization. Rocketed to prominence during the late 20th century,
the Internet today has become important in information, trade, and
communication. The internet is made up of millions of computers linked together
around the world in such a way that information can be sent from any computers
to any other 24 hours a day. These computers can be in homes, schools,
universities, government departments, or businesses small and large. They can
be any type of computer and be single personal computers or workstations on a
school or a company network. The Internet is often described as ‘a network of
networks’ because all the smaller networks of organizations are linked together
into the one giant network called the Internet.
CONNECTIVITY:
a. Installing a modem:
Open Phone &Modem options in Control Panel
On the Modems tab, click Add.
In the Install New Modem Wizard as shown in Fig
below, select the Don’t detect my modem; I will select it from a list check
box, and then click Next.
Follow the remaining instructions provided by
the Install New Modem Wizard.
b. Configure a modem for a dial-up connection:
Open Network Connections in Control Panel
Click the dial-up connection you want to
configure
Follow the remaining instructions provided by
the Installation Guide
CONFIGURING TCP /
IP AND MODEM OPTIONS:
Right Click on My Network Places and Click on
Properties
Right Click on the connection you want to
configure
Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and Click on
Properties
Dial –up Connection Properties:
For Dial up Internet Connection, if you are
using more than one modem, in connect using place select the modem and
configure the modem.
Give appropriate phone number for dial-up
connection provided by your Internet Service Provider (ISP).
Web Browsers, Surfing
the Web : Students customize
their web browsers with the LAN proxy settings, bookmarks, search toolbars and
pop up blockers. Also, plug-ins like Macromedia Flash and JRE for applets
should be configured.
WEB BROWSERS AND SURFING
THE WEB
Once you have access to
an Internet-connected computer, you can access the Web if that computer has Web
browser software installed. Two popular Web browsers are Netscape
Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer. Start the internet by
activating the Web browser.
To open a Web address
(URL), use your browser’s menu and chose File->Open or File->Open
Location. You might also be able to click on the text in the “Address”
box at the top of your browser, alter or enter a URL there, and press the
Return key.
CUSTOMIZE
THE WEB BROWSER:
Microsoft Internet
Explorer is the most used Web browser. The Internet Explorer browser
has a vast amount of customizations available.
Font Size
1. Choose
the menu Tools->Internet Options. Choose the Accessibility box
(lower right-hand corner)
2. Click
the boxes for “Ignore font styles specified on Web pages” and “Ignore font size
specified on Web pages.”
3. Set
your own font style in menu Tools->Internet Options, Fonts box.
4. Choose
your own font size in menu View->Text Size.
Ctrl/N
|
Launch
another Web browser
|
Ctrl/F
|
Search
for a text string on a Web page (the F stands for “Find”)
|
Ctrl/W
|
Close a
Web browser
|
Ctrl/H
|
Bring up
your history in a side panel; shows pages you have visited
|
Ctrl/I
|
Bring up
your favorites in a side panel; shows pages you have “bookmarked” to quickly
visit again
|
Ctrl/D
|
Save a
page URL to your favorites
|
Esc
|
Stop the
Music! (Some Web “designers” causes a music file to automatically start when
you visit a Web page; also stops loading graphics.)
|
Tab
|
Move to
next field in a Web form
|
Tab
|
Move to
next link on Web page
|
Alt/D
|
Move to
the address box
|
Shift/click
on hypertext link
|
This
will cause the link to open in a new Web browser
|
Default Web browser
1. If
you want to set your start page to the specific Web page, bring that page up in
the Web browser. Choose the menu Tools->Internet Options
2. In
Home page area, choose either Use Current or Use Blank
Key Sequences
Ctrl/N
|
Launch another Web browser
|
Ctrl/F
|
Search for a text string on a Web
page (the F stands for “Find”)
|
Ctrl/W
|
Close a Web browser
|
Ctrl/H
|
Bring up your history in a side
panel; shows pages you have visited
|
Ctrl/I
|
Bring up your favorites
in a side panel; shows pages you have “bookmarked” to quickly visit again
|
Ctrl/D
|
Save a page URL to your favorites
|
Esc
|
Stop the Music! (Some Web
“designers” causes a music file to automatically start when you visit a Web
page; also stops loading graphics.)
|
Tab
|
Move to next field in a Web form
|
Tab
|
Move to next link on Web page
|
Alt/D
|
Move to the address box
|
Shift/click on hypertext link
|
This will cause the link to open
in a new Web browser
|
ELECTRONIC MAIL (EMAIL)
Electronic
mail, or Email, is the term used to describe the tool, which allows one
computer user to send a message to one or more other computer user to send a
message to one or more other computer users over a computer network in a
digital form. Email can be sent internally to members of an
organization through their internal computer network or they can be sent
externally to anyone in the world by using network of computer networks that
make up the Internet.
It’s very similar to our
traditional mail system with post boxes, post offices, envelopes and addresses.
The difference is that instead of postal delivering your messages around the
globe for you, messages are sent electronically to other computer users via the
computer network (the Internet ) taking a fraction of the time to get there
AND, you don’t have to walk to the letter box!
Just as you can send
attachments with your letters in the normal post, you can also send computer
documents, graphics, and software of anything else that can be turned into a
digital form attached to an email message.
In order for messages to
be sent from one computer to another, your message needs to be converted into a
digital form and forwarded to a computer that acts as a mail server or post
office. This mail server sorts and directs your mail for you. The only way this
mail server can direct mail though, to all users is by being connected to a
network that all the users are also connected to.
This mail server can be
within your organization or with an Internet Service Provider, so you would
connect to it by logging into your email account. When you send your email
message, the mail server decides whether the message is to be passed on to a
user on its immediate network or it will pass it onto another mail server on
another network closest to it through these combination of networks and each
mail server keeps passing it on until it reaches its intended destination. This
is known as the ‘store‘and ‘forward’ system, storing your message at various
points on the path to its receiver waiting for the link to be free for it to
forward your message on the next part of its journey.
DOMAIN NAMES
A domain name is the
Internet address of a computer. All computers connected to the Internet have a
domain name.
A domain name is
separated by periods (.) and will normally include the name of the
organization, for example the domain name for JNTUniversity is www.jntu.ac.in ,
this includes web site name (jntu), which is part of the Department of
academics, which is in India. Two-letter country codes are used, such as ‘in’
for India.
Some of standard name:
The Internet is a
worldwide collection of computer networks, cooperating with each other to exchange
data using a common software standard. Through telephone wires and satellite
links, Internet users can share information in a variety of forms. The size,
scope and design of the Internet allows users to:
connect easily
through ordinary personal computers and local phone numbers;
exchange
electronic mail (E-mail) with friends and colleagues with accounts on the
Internet;
post
information for others to access, and update it frequently;
access
multimedia information that includes sound, photographic images and even video;
and
access
diverse perspectives from around the world.
An additional attribute
of the Internet is that it lacks a central authority—in other words, there is
no "Internet, Inc." that controls the Internet. Beyond the various
governing boards that work to establish policies and standards, the Internet is
bound by few rules and answers to no single organization.
Among the ways that
users like yourself are taking advantage of the Internet are:
Sharing research and
business data among colleagues and like-minded individuals.
Communicating with
others and transmitting files via E-mail.
Requesting and
providing assistance with problems and questions.
Marketing and
publicizing products and services.
Gathering valuable
feedback and suggestions from customers and business partners.
Search Engines &
Netiquette
To know what search
engines are and how to use the search engines. A few topics would be given to
the students for which they need to search on Goggle.
SEARCH ENGINE:
A search engine can be
defined as a web site with tools which help you to find information on the
internet. Search engine also called as wanderer, crawler, or spider. It allows
the user to enter keywords relating to particular topics and retrieve information
about internet sites containing those keywords.
Different search engines
available are
Google
Mozilla Firefox
MSN
BING
Limitations:
1. Limitation
search engines visit web sites only several weeks.
2. Search
engines cannot see information in other databases later on.
3. On
the internet a search engine is a coordinated set of programs that includes: A
spider that goes to every page or representative pages on every website that
wants to be searchable and reads it, using hypertext links on each page to
discover and read sites on other pages.
PROS:
You can select the search terms.
You can use the same search terms with multiple
search engines.
You can change search terms as much as you wish.
You will receive numerous links.
Its fast.
CONS:
Because
of many different search engines it is difficult to choose.
You
will normally receive too many links often making it difficult to identify the
most relevant sites.
The vast majority of links may be only
marginally relevant or altogether irrelevant.
